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There are various ways to classify leather, and the common methods are as follows

2025-12-22

Classification by animal species**: It can be divided into cowhide, sheepskin, pigskin, horsehide, etc. Among them, cowhide can be further classified into yellow cowhide and water buffalo hide; sheepskin can be divided into lamb skin and goat skin. Leather from different animals has distinct characteristics in terms of fiber structure, texture, and appearance. For instance, yellow cowhide has tight fibers and high strength; lamb skin is light, soft, and highly breathable.

- **Classification by leather layers**: It is divided into top grain leather and split leather. Top grain leather includes full grain leather and corrected grain leather, which retain more natural leather properties and are of higher quality. Split leather is made from the remaining leather after the top layer of cowhide is separated, and its performance is slightly inferior to that of top grain leather.

- **Classification by tanning methods**: It can be divided into vegetable-tanned leather, chrome-tanned leather, and aldehyde-tanned leather, etc. Vegetable-tanned leather is tanned with plant materials containing tannic acid, which is soft and brown in color; chrome-tanned leather is tanned with chromium salts such as chromium sulfate, which is softer than vegetable-tanned leather, has less fading and shrinkage, and is easier to dye.

- **Classification by application**: It can be divided into leather for clothing, leather for shoes, leather for handbags, leather for sofas, etc. Leather for different applications has different performance emphases. For example, leather for clothing focuses on softness and comfort, while leather for shoes emphasizes wear resistance and fold resistance.

- **Classification by manufacturing methods**: It is divided into genuine leather, recycled leather, artificial leather, and synthetic leather, etc. Genuine leather is made from animal hides through tanning processes; recycled leather is made by processing and manufacturing various animal waste skins and genuine leather scraps; artificial leather is made by foaming or coating PVC and PU on textile fabric or non-woven fabric; synthetic leather is a substitute material that mimics the composition and structure of natural leather.

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